USIP’S Work. This investment category benefits from a series of tax breaks and other incentives. Arab Spring, wave of pro-democracy protests and uprisings that took place in the Middle East and North Africa beginning in 2010 and 2011, challenging some of the region’s entrenched authoritarian regimes. Meddeb H (2017), ‘Peripheral vision: How Europe can help preserve Tunisia’s fragile democracy’, op. Tunisia continued to make progress towards the consolidation of women’s rights. Djerba. Hospitality is important in Tunisia and a small gift in appreciation of hospitality or as a token of friendship is always well-received. Oil and gas. France controls economic and foreign affairs; Tunisia is … This has to be the priority if Tunisia is to evolve as quickly as possible into a more peaceful, inclusive and stable society. And after having tried for two years, the presidency managed to pass on 13 September 2017 a controversial economic reconciliation law that will give amnesty from criminal prosecution to state officials and businessmen accused of corruption and embezzlement during the Ben Ali era if they repay stolen assets. 59. International Crisis Group (2017), op. On December 24, 2013, the National Constituent Assembly (NCA) adopted the Law on Establishing and Organizing Transitional Justice. I. Major problems facing Algeria today The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria or Algeria for short is a North African country bordering the Mediterranean Sea between the Kingdom of Morocco in the west and the Republic of Tunisia in the northeast. Tourism in Tunisia is an industry that generates around 9.4 million arrivals per year, which makes it one of the most visited countries in Africa. The wave began when protests in Tunisia and Egypt toppled their regimes in quick succession, inspiring similar attempts in other Arab countries. [56] Many of Tunisia’s marginalised young people have little sense of belonging or purpose, and feel stigmatised for being on the margins of society. Salam and Salwa Malik, two journalists, were sentenced in May 2017 to six months in prison, later reduced to a fine. cit. are some of the environmental issues facing Tunisia today. Meddeb H (2017), ‘Precarious resilience: Tunisia’s Libya predicament’, op. [58], The Tunisian state has struggled to address its citizens’ grievances. [59] Cooperation between Nidaa Tounes, a party which took power in 2014 and includes Ben Ali-era elites, and the Islamist party Ennahda, which won the first elections following the uprisings, has helped sustain Tunisia’s transition. 1600s - Tunisia becomes part of the Turkish Ottoman empire, but has a high degree of autonomy. Arab Spring, wave of pro-democracy protests and uprisings that took place in the Middle East and North Africa beginning in 2010 and 2011, challenging some of the region’s entrenched authoritarian regimes. One person told us: “When I go to work in Mutuelle Ville [a neighbourhood in the north of the capital], I feel like I am entering a different world.”, This situation affects the young in particular: approximately 33 per cent of those aged 15-29 – over one million people – are not in education, employment or training. For this category of persons, the law terminates any ongoing prosecutions and trials and preempts future trials. The high rates of unemployment and poverty are also major challenges facing the Tunisian economy. Tunisians demonstrate against a bill that would protect those accused of corruption from prosecution on Habib Bourguiba Avenue in Tunis, Tunisia, May 13, 2017. Tunisia Effect The wall of fear in Syria would not have been broken at this particular time in history had it not been for Mohamed Bouazizi, a Tunisian street vendor whose self-immolation in December 2010 triggered a wave of anti-government uprisings—which came to be known as the Arab Spring—across the Middle East. January 14, 2011: Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali resigns and flees to Saudi Arabia. The wave began when protests in Tunisia and Egypt toppled their regimes in quick succession, inspiring similar attempts in other Arab countries. On November 16, 2015, parliament approved a law creating the SJC. In addition to Tunisians' lack of … As an international expert on corruption put it: “[...] radical groups will exploit grievances that go unredressed. Recorded history in Tunisia begins with the arrival of Phoenicians, who founded Carthage and other North African settlements in the 8th century B.C. While they played a central role during the uprisings, many now feel disempowered and disillusioned as the change they called for in 2011 has yet to materialise. COVID-19 in Tunisia April 02, 2021 Travelers should avoid all travel to Tunisia. The transitional justice process suffered also from lack of criminal accountability for serious human rights violations. In addition, most people we spoke to were concerned by the absence of social, cultural and recreational activities which could positively contribute to young people’s development and the construction of their identity. The country’s capital is Tunis and it has long been a popular tourist attraction. Participant in focus group discussion with youth, Sidi Hassine, February 2017, 47. Tunisia Economic Growth The economy is projected to rebound strongly in 2021 after a marked contraction in 2020. Animal husbandry for domestic consumption is significant, especially sheep and goats, but also cattle in the north and camels in the south. 1881 - French troops occupy Tunis. This first degree is regarded as a preparatory one. 10 Important Facts to Know About Refugees in Tunisia Tunisia is a small, African nation located on the Mediterranean Sea and nestled between Algeria and Libya that transitioned to a democracy after the 2011 Arab Spring and adopted a progressive constitution in 2014. [37] A lack of public and private investment and poor infrastructure have undermined economic development and led to high levels of unemployment, leaving many people trapped in poverty. [43] Referring to individuals that have joined violent groups abroad, a health professional told us: “These young people have already suffered too much; they’ve already had to fight too much even before leaving.” [44], Generally speaking, we heard that many young people who lack social or professional opportunities feel stuck between a rock and a hard place, seeing their options as limited to migrating illegally (legal options are not accessible to most), getting involved in criminal networks or joining violent groups to sustain themselves. There was no progress on accountability for torture, as most complaints, filed years ago, including for ill-treatment and torture during the dictatorship, remained stalled at the prosecution phase. Then in most other fields, the second cycle leads to the award of Maitrise, which is considered the first degree in Tunisian university system. Human Rights Watch (2016), ‘Tunisia: Amnesty Bill Would Set Back Transition’, 14 July; Saleh H (2017), Tunisia parliament passes controversial economic reconciliation law, 13 September 2017, 67. Boukhars A (2017), ‘The Geographic Trajectory of Conflict and Militancy in Tunisia’, 20 July, 49. [52] In Sidi Bouzid, a civil society representative told us: “Some people sympathise with terrorist organisations because they resent the state for its absence. Tunisia is historically an agricultural country, and agriculture now absorbs 22 percent of the labor force; about 20 percent of the country is farmland. The measures have created economic hardship, stigmatized those targeted, and prevented them from pursuing their study or business. However, Tunisia’s fight for prosperity is far from complete. Tunisia’s thriving medical tourism industry is a testament to its excellent and value-for-money private healthcare services, as well as its reputation for highly competent medical staff. Photo: Wassim Ben Rhouma, The frustration felt by young people is also due to the lack of space to contribute politically to Tunisia’s development. Authorities have failed in the seven years since Ben Ali’s overthrow to investigate or hold anyone accountable for the vast majority of torture cases, including notorious cases of death in custody as a result of torture. Later the Diplome d’Etudes Approfondies (DEA) is awarded to Maitrise holders after a further two-year study and the preparation and defense of a thesis. cit. The first was prosecuted in 2012 for insulting a state official, and the second in 2014 under the same charge, shortly after each had filed complaints against police officers for using violence against them. Tunisia has been an attractive destination for tourists since the beginning of the 1960s. Improper sewage disposals, agricultural runoffs and improper industrial waste disposals which pollute available water bodies and harm aquatic life, rampant deforestation and overgrazing which lead to soil erosion and desertification in some areas, etc. The 2014 constitution upheld many key civil, political, social, economic, and cultural rights. cit. The Tunisian Government is often criticized for leaving the responsibility of waste management to the National Waste Management Agency (ANGED). On July 26, parliament adopted a comprehensive law on fighting violence against women, which includes key elements that are essential to prevent violence against women, protect domestic violence survivors, and prosecute abusers. However, authorities continued to resort to the penal code and the Code of Military Justice, to prosecute people for speech offenses. Tunisia's New Government Faces Daunting Challenges Government Corruption Seen as Endemic by Tunisians. Shams, a Tunisian LGBTI association, said that at least 10 men were prosecuted under article 230 in various parts of Tunisia in 2017, and two were sentenced to two years in prison. Tunisia employs two investment regimes: “offshore” and “onshore.” Offshore investment, in general, supports export-only goods and services. Tunisia’s different worlds: haves and have-nots Primarily, people have suffered from a lack of employment opportunities as well as access to resources and services. 89233-TN, pp 7-8, 43. In October, a couple was sentenced to several months in prison for public indecency and insulting a state official under article 125 of the penal code after police found them kissing in their car. Tunisia’s faltering economy was one of the major contributing factors to the 2011 revolution, and in the years since the revolution, it has continued to deteriorate. II. 71. The BIGGEST Problem A major problem throughout Tunisia is desertification. Separate trials of two prominent bloggers, Mariem Mnaouer and Lina Ben Mhenni, continued in 2017. Jarraya and the previous head of the anti-terror unit, Saber Lajili, are being prosecuted before a military court on charges of treason and sharing intelligence with a foreign army, punishable by the death penalty. It is … Prison conditions in Tunisia have long been considered extremely substandard, with overcrowding and violence among the major problems. Read our  latest comment,  case studies on Tunisia, Garissa,Lamu, Somalia, Yemen, Afghanistan, or our lessons learnt. Tunisia exports natural phosphate to fifty countries on five continents. Growth in household and capital spending should boost domestic demand, while the expected return of higher levels of tourism is likely to bolster the external sector. Youth employment is one of the main issues that Tunisia faces. p 2. 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