Beliefs vary based on religion. There are also 25 million Muslims, around 1.5 million Buddhists, and over 179,000 Jewish people. [2], Christianity was the religious self-identification of 47.1% of the Russian population in 2012. Religion in Russia Fast Facts. Despite easing of relations with the election of Pope Benedict XVI, there remain issues such as the readiness of the police to protect Catholics and other minorities from persecution. [59] [60] As of a different sociological surveys on religious adherence; between 41% to over 80% of the total population of Russia adhere to the Russian Orthodox Church . 87% more than Russia Hindu percent of population: 0.043% Ranked 45th. All foreigners visiting Russia need a valid passport and a visa. Student’s Name. 95% of Orthodox churches in Russia belong to the Russian Orthodox Church (yet other Orthodox churches exist there … Life expectancy in Russia is 59 years for men and 73 years for women. Sunni Islam was the religion of 2,400,000 of the Muslims, or 1.6% of the total population of Russia. The highest level of authority in the Church is represented by the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, head of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church. While Orthodox Christianity is the country’s predominant confession, not many know that Russia is home to as many as 20 million Muslims of various ethnic backgrounds. There are Armenian eparchies (dioceses), and many churches on the territory of Russia (see: List of Armenian churches in Russia). Hinduism has been spread in Russia primarily due to the work of scholars from the religious organization International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) and by itinerant Swamis from India and small communities of Indian immigrants. According to Yuri Sipko, president of the Union of Evangelical Christians-Baptists of Russia, the goal of the tour was to, "fight their way through on foot or on bicycles to reach even the most remote village and the most despairing person in order to convert them." Eastern Orthodoxy - 65.4% . Ethnic Russians make up about 81% of Russia's population. Religions: Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2%; note: estimates … [citation needed], The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had primitive beginnings in the Russian Empire. [46], In 1855 in the Novouzensk region, Ivan Grigorev Kanygin founded religious communities involving untraditional marriage[clarification needed] and communal practices based on their interpretations of the New Testament. Other religious denominations represent 1% of the population, while 8% consider themselves atheists. When the denomination was formally recognized in March 1991, the organization reported 15,987 members in Russia. Religion in Russia is diverse, with a 1997 law naming Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Judaism as important in Russian history. Russia is a multi-ethnic and multi-faith nation. Some Orthodox scholars view these denominations as 'totalitarian sects'. The Russian Bible Society produces over 1,000,000 Bible-related books per year. Long historical ties with Armenia have resulted in a significant presence of Armenian diaspora in Russia. Since other regions of Russia are considered to have, on average, a much less vibrant religious life than Moscow, two percent (3.3 million) would be a maximum estimate for the total practicing Christian population of the Russian Republic. There is an active Tantra Sangha operating in Russia. Russian: Кафе ''Грин Плаза''English: Green Plaza cafe. The Demographics of Russia is the study of the population and people in Russia.. The country has over 5,000 Russian … Around 30 percent of the Russian population will practice Islam within the next 15 years, Russia’s grand mufti has predicted, citing demographic trends. Summary of Religion in Russia. The Chinese and Japanese Orthodox Churches were granted full autonomy by the Moscow Patriarchate, but this autonomy is not universally recognized. The population of Russia in 2018 is estimated to be around 144,526,636 people. The most populated religions of present-day Ukraine are outlined below. [24], Relations with the Russian Orthodox church have been difficult for nearly a millennium, and attempts at re-establishing Catholicism have met with opposition. Islam is professed by 5% of the population. Copyright 2001-2021 MasterRussian.com | Privacy Russia is a multi-ethnic and multi-faith nation. A 1997 law on religion recognises the right to freedom of conscience and creed to all the citizenry, the spiritual contribution of Orthodox Christianity to the history of Russia, and respect to "Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Judaismand other religions and creeds which constitute an inseparable part of the historical heritage o… One ruble is divided into 100 kopecks. iGoogle There are many different religions, but the most popular is Christianity, followed by an estimated 33% of people, and Islam, which is … This number is divided by the country's total population to derive the religion's percentage. Introduction (Ivanov2004) The Russian Orthodox Church according to tradition is xxxxxx came xxxxxx xxxxxx community of believers xxxxxx is funded by xxxxxx apostle Andrew xxxxxx is said to xxxxxx visited Scythia xxxxxx Greece by xxxxxx norxxxxxxrn part of xxxxxx Black sea. "[14] [47] Membership grew in the 1990s and early 2000s,[49] and by 2009, the Church reported membership of 19,946 in 129 congregations in Russia. Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism and Buddhism are professed by … Smaller eparchies are usually governed by a single bishop. You might need to get a universal adapter and converter kit to use U.S. appliances in Russia. The Catholic Church estimates that there are from 600,000 to 1.5 million Catholics in the country, exceeding government estimates of about 140,000. This share remained steady over the last few decades. [47] However, the death of Smith occurred, and Adams and Hyde never traveled to Russia. Unaffiliated. In spite of some theological differences, relations between Armenian Apostolic Church and the Russian Orthodox Church are very good. Beginning in 1993, Witness missionaries from Germany were assigned to Russia to support the local members. https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/religious-beliefs-in-modern-russia.html Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.) The population has been declining since it peaked at 148,689,000 in 1991. [citation needed] Baptists have been historically the largest Protestant group in Russia. [22], As of 2008, the Catholic Church in Russia had one Archdiocese of Mother of God at Moscow (headed by Archbishop Pavel Pezzi), three dioceses (Saint Clement at Saratov, Saint Joseph at Irkutsk, Transfiguration at Novosibirsk), one Apostolic Exarchate and one Apostolic Prefecture in Yuzhno Sakhalinsk. [23] The Catholic Archbishop of Moscow has voiced his support for religious education in state sponsored schools, citing the examples of other countries. As of February 2, 2010, the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) has 160 dioceses including 30,142 parishes served by 207 bishops, 28,434 priests and 3,625 deacons. Islam, professed by about 19 percent of believers in the mid-1990s, is numerically the second most important religion in Russia. [37], On March 23, 2017, the Russian News Agency TASS reported that Russia's Justice Ministry had suspended the activities of the Administrative Center of Jehovah's Witnesses in Russia due to extremist activities. Some eparchies are organized into exarchates, or autonomous churches. Try to visit the sites путин.рф and kremlin.ru as a demo. Russian Culture: Facts, Customs & Traditions | Live Science Or belief has started to move beyond russia religion percentage 2020 own boarders followers in the Russian Church! In April 2007, the European Court of Human Rights obliged Russia to pay €10,000 as non-pecuniary damages for the refusal to register the Moscow branch of the Salvation Army. <1% 73.3% <1% <1% <1% 10.0% <1% 16.2% Buddhists Christians Folk Religions Hindus Jews Muslims Other Religions Unaffiliated 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Highcharts.com. These include the Belarusian, Latvian, Moldovan and Estonian Orthodox churches. In 1991, just after the collapse of the USSR, about two-thirds of Russians claimed no religious affiliation. By 2014, Jehovah's Witnesses reported over 170,000 members in Russia. Humid subtropical climate (hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters) is typical for the Black Sea coast, most notably Sochi. The Church had some contact with the Soviet Union, such as Ezra Taft Benson visiting Moscow in 1959 and Yuri Dubinin visiting Utah and the Brigham Young University campus in April 1990. [27] On December 25, 2005, Russian Orthodox activists planned to picket outside of Moscow's Catholic Cathedral, but the picket was cancelled. Thus nowadays Jews won't express their beliefs too widely or publicly, even though government-sanctioned persecution has ceased. The capital of Russia is Moscow, or Москва in Russian script. The territory of Russia lies between latitudes 41 degrees north and 82 degrees north, and longitudes 19 degrees east and 169 degrees west. The majority of religious Russians are Christians. [52], Translation of the Bible into Russian began in the 16th and 17th centuries. (VCIOM 2006) Depending on the purpose of your visit, there are several types of Russian visa including Tourist visa, Business visa, Student visa, Personal (Private) visa, and Transit visa. Joseph Smith called George J. Adams and Orson Hyde as missionaries to Russia in 1843, 13 years after the Church's creation. [48] According to the Church's website, no membership statistics are currently available. [1] There are from 500,000 to one million Old Believers, who represents an older form of Russian Orthodox Christianity, and who separated from the Orthodox Church in the 17th century as a protest against Patriarch Nikon's church reforms. [35] Their services were banned several times in public parks. According to Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University and other researchers, up to several hundred thousands of Orthodox believers were repressed for their faith in the Soviet period.[21]. You might need to dial the international access code in the very begining depending on the country of origin. [40][41] Various countries and international organizations have spoken out against Russia's religious abuses of Jehovah's Witnesses. According to a 2012 survey held in Russia by Sreda Arena, 66,840,000 people in the country (47.4% of the total population) identify as Christians. Russia has experienced a revival of religion since the start of the new millennium. [31][32][33] There is particular growth among the Korean and German minorities. [56] The complete New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures in Russian was released in 2007. Orthodox Christianity is Russia's largest religion with 75% of the population belonging to the Orthodox Christian denomination. There are from 500,000 to one million Old Believers, who represents an older form of Russian Orthodox Christianity, and who separated from the Orthodox Church in the 17th century as a protest against Patria… They split from the mainstream Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th century. Continental climate is prevalent in European and Asian Russia. Adherents refused to discuss their theological beliefs with outsiders, and their beliefs were mistakenly identified with Mormonism. 9 times more than Russia Jehovahs Witnesses per 1000: 0.98 [citation needed]. 1 U.S. dollar equals approximately 30 rubles. Makarios was unable to publish his translation, but a journal called Orthodox Review acquired and published the Makarios Bible in installments between 1860 and 1867, under the title An Experiment of Translation Into the Russian Language. note: estimates are of practicing worshipers; Russia has large populations of non-practicing believers and non-believers, a legacy of over seven decades of official atheism under Soviet rule; Russia officially recognizes Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism as the country's traditional religions According to a 2010 religious census, there are 240,000 Hindus in Russia, which account for 0.1% population of Russia. Russia Muslim Demographics Religion Percentage Ethinicity Race 2017 Altogether, Muslims in Russia are 9,400,000 or 6.5% of the total population as of 2012 (however, ARENA survey didn't include detailed data for the traditionally Islamic states of Chechenia and Ingushetia). [53] From 1813 until 1826, the Russian Bible Society distributed more than 500,000 Bible-related books in 41 languages. In 1935, the Watch Tower Society unsuccessfully attempted to establish a branch office in the Soviet Union to support members already there. Russia is located in the Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. 20 times more than Russia Religious diversity score: 0.44 Ranked 114th. [6] Other polls give different results: In the same year 2020 the Levada Center estimated that 63% of Russians were Christians;[7] in 2020 the Public Opinion Foundation[8] estimated that 63% of the population was Christian; in 2011 the Pew Research Center estimated that 71% of Russians were Christians;[9] in 2011 Ipsos MORI estimated that 69% of Russians were Christians;[10] and in 2021 the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM) estimated that ~67% of Russians were Christians.[11]. A religious person believes in a higher power, such as a God or gods. 16. Ask them in the Russian Questions and Answers — a place for students, teachers and native Russian speakers to discuss Russian grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and other aspects of the Russian language. Orthodox Christianity is thriving after enduring a 70-year period of atheistic Soviet rule. Today, 71 percent of Russians identify as Orthodox. He had previously given an 18th-century copy of the famous Our Lady of Kazan icon to the Russian Orthodox Church. In the 1940s, the Soviet government forcibly dispersed thousands of Witnesses, in a program named Operation North, later described by Dr. N. S. Gordienko, a professor at Herzen University as having "just the opposite of what was expected; they wanted to weaken the organization of Jehovah's Witnesses in the USSR, but in fact, they only strengthened it". Eparchies are governed by bishops (episkope or archierey). [47] The Church's proselyting efforts were impacted by the 2019 Yarovaya law;[50] missionaries are now referred to as "volunteers" and cannot speak openly about the Church outside of official Church sites. We all know Nostradamus the famous prophet. Religion in Russia is diverse with Christianity, especially Russian Orthodoxy being the most widely professed faith, but with significant minorities of non-religious people and adherents of other faiths. Some statisticians estimate the percentage of believers at 40 per cent of the entire Russian Federation. In June 2016, Russia passed an anti-terrorism law that bans proselytizing and missionary activities. – YaleGlobal . The President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The ruling liquidates the group's Russian headquarters in St. Petersburg and all of its 395 local religious organizations, ordering their property to be seized by the state. In January 1997, the Watch Tower Society arranged for publication and distribution of the translation throughout Russia. "[34], According to Evangelical Christians Baptists who conducted a bicycle missionary expedition in July – August 2007, they faced serious obstacles and suspicious attitude from local authorities in several regions of Russia. An Old Believer parish in the United States has entered into communion with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia. Institutional Affiliation. The federal subjects of Russia with an Islamic absolute majority—more than 50%—were Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan … Before 988 AD Ukraine was a pagan country but that year Vladimir the Great, leader of the Kievan Rus', converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity. [citation needed], Baptists, Evangelical Christians, Lutherans, Pentecostals, Adventists,[29] Methodists, Quakers [30] and many other Protestant denominations are present in Russia, and some observers believe Russia will experience a Protestant revival in the future. WORD OF THE DAY Religion has played a very important role in the evolution of Russian culture. Christianity in Russia is the most widely professed religion in the country, with nearly 71% of the population identifying as Orthodox Christian according to World Atlas. The chief religion of Russia is Russian Orthodox Christianity, which is professed by about 75 percent of citizens who describe themselves as religious believers. The chief religion of Russia is Russian Orthodox Christianity, which is professed by about 75 percent of citizens who describe themselves as religious believers. [citation needed], Some Protestants, especially at the provincial level, report government restrictions and obstruction of their activities by local authorities. They were then imprisoned after the October Revolution in 1918. Significantly, however, this religious revival in Russia has been unchurched: the high rates of self-described religiosity accompany abysmally low rates of church membership. By 1939, thousands of Jehovah's Witnesses were residing in the Baltic states when the Soviet Union absorbed those formerly independent countries. Judaism was the religion of the 0.4%; while Buddhism, Paganism and Hinduism were each the religions of 0.1% of the population. An article in The Christian Post, discussing the ban on proselytizing stated, "Human rights and religious freedom advocates argue that the law 'doesn't do that much to defend from terrorism and only prevents Christians and others who are not Orthodox from preaching and proselytizing. The climate is subarctic (very cold winters and short, cool to mild summers) in Northern European Russia and Siberia. The climate is humid continental (summers are warm to hot and winters are cold) in the most populous areas in European Russia, south of West Siberia and in the south of the Russian Far East. Density of population is calculated as permanently settled population of Russian Federation divided by total area of the country. Its total area is 17,075,400 square kilometres or 6,601,668 square miles. The magazines were rediscovered in 1993 in the rare-books section of the Russian National Library, which gave permission for the works to be published. According to the 2010 census, ethnic Russians accounts for 77.7 percent of 142.3 million estimated Russian population. Percent Religious: 53.57% [The percentage of the population that affiliates with a religion.Catholic Percentage: 27.42% [The percentage of the population that affiliates with the Catholic Church.Protestant Percentage: 0.00% [The percentage of the population that affiliates with a Protestant Church.LDS Percentage: 0.74% A sample phone number in the city of Khabarovsk will look like this: +7 4212 555145. The currency of Russia is called the ruble or rouble. The Russian Orthodox Church was always the main religious branch and had an enormous amount of power, and consequently Judaism suffered the most. Russian Federation population density is 8.5 people per square kilometer (22.1/mi 2) as of May 2021. The increase appears to be … The "Samara Mormons" came to tolerate the name into the 20th century, though they were not aware of the actual Latter Day Saint movement. Traditional religions, those deemed part of Russia’s “historical heritage”, include Orthodox Christianity (63% of the population), Islam (6% of the population), Buddhism (<1%), and Judaism (<1%). They are the largest Slavic nation, as well as the largest European nation. Orthodox Christianity is Russia's largest religion with 75% of the population belonging to the Orthodox Christian denomination. Russia has 220 volt electricity and a "Type C" European CEE 7/16 Europlug electric plug. The first Russian converts were baptized in the nation in 1895. In 1971, the Moscow Patriarchate revoked the anathemas placed on the Old Believers in the 17th century, but most Old Believer communities have not returned to Communion with other Orthodox Christians. One Baptist missionary and the minister said, "every religion outside Russian Orthodoxy is considered a cult, including Protestantism. Russia is a secular state by constitution, and its largest religion is Christianity. Nonetheless, in Saint Petersburg there is a relatively … By 1971, there were more than 4,500 Witnesses in the Soviet Union. Moscow is the largest city in Russia. The Society also translates the Bible into the languages and dialects of various ethnic groups throughout Russia. '"[16] In 2017, the USCIRF reclassified Russia as one of the world's worst violators of religious liberty, recommending that the US government deem Russia a "country of particular concern" under the International Religious Freedom Act. Because the concept of separation of church and state never took root in Russia, the Russian Orthodox Church, a branch [51] In 2018, Russell M. Nelson announced at the April General Conference of the Church that a temple would be constructed in a major city in Russia. Six other ethnicities have a population exceeding 1 million – Tatars (3.9%), Ukrainians (1.4%), Bashkir (1.1%), Chuvash (1%), Chechens (1%) and Armenians (0.9%). The largest Russian cities with the population greater than 1 million are Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Kazan, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa and Volgograd. Russia is a federation and semi-presidential republic. Note: data is based on 2010 VCIOM survey results. [5] According to the Slavic Center for Law and Justice, Protestants make up the second or third largest group of Christians in Russia, with approximately 3,500 organizations and more than 1 million followers. Various non-Orthodox Christian denominations and a dwindling but still important Jewish population complete the list of major religious groups in the Russian Federation. Ukraine had a long and rich history of religious developments with Eastern Orthodox Christianity historically dominating the scene in the country. [citation needed], Full-scale translation of the Bible into Russian began in 1813, with the establishment of the Russian Bible Society. 0.824 Ranked 2nd. A religion is defined as a system of faith or worship. Major Religions: Religion percentages are derived from summing Joshua Project's data for all people groups who live in each country. [citation needed], There are also Byzantine Rite Catholic Church communes in Russia (in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Omsk and Nizhnevartovsk), which are in full communion with, and subject to, the authority of the Pope as defined by Eastern canon law. In total, 160 different ethnic groups live within the Russian … All parishes in a geographical region belong to an eparchy (eparkhiya—equivalent to a Western diocese). According to official sources, there are 68 eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church. The official language of Russia is Russian. The Church was able to reestablish its presence in Russia in 1990,[48] and the Russian government officially recognized the Church in May 1991. [2][3][4] There is one Catholic Archdiocese, Mother of God at Moscow, with three suffragan dioceses (Saint Clement at Saratov, Saint Joseph at Irkutsk, Transfiguration at Novosibirsk) and the Apostolic Prefecture of Yuzhno Sakhalinsk. While religion in Russia today is becoming more multifaceted, the largest religion remains Orthodox Christianity. Larger eparchies, exarchates, and autonomous churches are governed by Metropolitan archbishops and sometimes have one or more bishops assigned to them. Orthodox Christianity is Russia's largest religion with Mikhail Iakovlevich Glukharev, known as Archimandrite Makarios, was a Russian Orthodox missionary who translated most of the Old Testament between 1839 and 1847, while a contemporary associate named Gerasim Petrovich Pavsky translated Psalms. | [38] On April 4, 2017 UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression David Kaye, UN Special Rapporteur on Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association Maina Kiai, and UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion and Belief Ahmed Shaheed condemned Russia's desire to ban Jehovah's Witnesses. [25] In April 2002, Bishop Jerry Mazur of Eastern Siberia was stripped of his visa, forcing the appointment of a new bishop for that diocese. While religion in Russia today is becoming more multifaceted, the largest religion remains Orthodox Christianity. Russia is a multi-ethnic and multi-faith nation. These words are what caused most hostility towards Protestants. Most of ethnic Armenians in Russia are adherents of the Armenian Apostolic Church, one of the main churches of the Oriental Orthodoxy, distinctive from Eastern Orthodoxy in terms of miaphysite christology. In 1991, just after the collapse of the USSR, about two-thirds of Russians claimed no religious affiliation. Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism and Buddhism are professed by 1% of the population each. Moscow has churches for the most important Old Believer branches: Rogozhskaya Zastava (Popovtsy of the Belokrinitskaya hierarchy official center), a cathedral for the Novozybkovskaya hierarchy in Zamoskvorech'ye and Preobrazhenskaya Zastava where Pomortsy and Fedoseevtsy coexist. According to official sources, there are 68 eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church. Summary of Religion in Russia. The number of individuals who practice each religion, by people group, are summed. During the 19th and 20th centuries, activities of the Society were stopped by reactionary policies of the Russian government, but were restored in 1990–1991 when Soviet regime restrictions eased.[54]. While immigrants make up about 8 percent of Russia’s population, the nation has a reputation for nationalism and xenophobia, and fertility rates are even lower in neighboring Belarus, Ukraine and Lithuania, all possible sources of immigration. Close to 9,000 communities belonging to over forty confessions had been officially registered in the country. Christianity in Russia is the most widely professed religion in the country. The 1997 law on religion has made it more difficult for less established religious groups in Russia to register, worship, or exercise the freedom of religious belief. A Russian Hindu girl. Citizens of some former Soviet republics don't need a Russian visa. Islam is professed by 5% of the population. The white band is positioned on the top, the blue in the middle, and the red on the bottom. It has the world's largest Orthodox population . The starting place to learn the Russian language on the Internet. Russian … Popular Religions for Russia, OH . Russia is the largest country in the world in terms of territory. 0.4% Ranked 26th. Over 70% of Russians consider themselves to be Orthodox Christians, and the number is growing. The Russian "law on non-governmental organizations" that took effect in April 2007 requires non-governmental organizations (NGOs), including Christian churches, to register with state agencies, list their funding sources, and provide records of all meetings. Religion. Although they called themselves Communists or Methodists (due to a claimed association with Methodism), an Orthodox priest named Khrisanf Rozhdestvenskiy labeled them "Mormons" in 1869 after the contemporaneous American movement, and the term was thereafter applied pejoratively to such adherents. "[45] The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum also expressed deep concern over Russia's treatment of Jehovah's Witnesses. This work, called the Russian Synodal Bible, is widely used by Protestant communities in Russia and former Soviet countries. The image of Russia in the world is rarely associated with Islam and Islamic identity, in general. Russian Orthodox 15-20%; Muslim 10-15%; Other Christian 2%; Note: Estimates are of practicing worshipers. When calling from the USA, start by dialing 011. The country code top-level domain (ccTLD) reserved for Russia is .ru, however the domains .su, .rf and the internationalized domain .рф are also used. In Russian script, they are spelled as Российская Федерация and Россия accordingly. Orthodox Christianity is thriving after enduring a 70-year period of atheistic Soviet rule. The Russian tricolour flag consists of three horizontal bands of equal height, displaying the country's national colours: white, blue, and red. Pope John Paul II expressed a desire to visit Russia, but the Russian Orthodox Church resisted. While ISKCON appear to have a relatively strong following in Russia, the other organizations in the list have a marginal presence in this country. There are around 130 Russian Orthodox eparchies worldwide. However, the works (by deacon of Posolsky Prikaz Avraamiy Firsov, pastor E. Gluk, and archbishop Methodiy (Smirnov)) were lost during political turbulence and wars. Zion's Watch Tower (now called The Watchtower, the primary journal of the Watch Tower Society) had subscribers in Russia as early as 1887. Today Russian Orthodoxy is the country’s largest religious denomination, representing more than half of all adherents. Russian, the most spoken Slavic language, is the shared mother tongue of the Russians; and Orthodox Christianity is their historical religion since the 11th century. 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